Evidence of Work:
Our goal for this project was to come up with some way to purify or filter water for poorer countries where clean water is harder to find. Our first idea was to make something that is low cost and uses the sun for energy to filter dirty, undrinkable water. We researched and came up with a few different designs that used evaporation and condescension to clean the water. The down side to them was that one was too hard to build with the supplies we had and the week we were testing, there was no sun out. As a group we had to come up with an alternative plan that still demonstrated evaporation works to filter the water. Because of the time we had, our group decided to boil water on a hotplate and connect a tube to another glass to catch the clean water. There was a glass bottle filled with pond water connected to an empty glass by a tube so none of the water vapor could escape. We heated the hot plate and waited for the water to heat up and evaporate. As the water vapor rose to the top, it concatenated and dripped down into the empty glass. The new water was clean and had left all the other heavier ions in the other glass with the rest of the pond water. Once we came up with our plan, we tested three samples of water: the pond water, evaporated water, and the tap water for comparison. We tested for pH, Ammonia, Chlorine, and Nitrate levels for before and after. We also researched the appropriate levels of each of those substances able to be in drinking water. In the end, our plan didn't work exactly how we wanted it to even though evaporation and condensation cleaned some things out of the water, it was still undrinkable and it was not efficient because it didn't produce as much clean drinking water as we hoped it would.
Our goal for this project was to come up with some way to purify or filter water for poorer countries where clean water is harder to find. Our first idea was to make something that is low cost and uses the sun for energy to filter dirty, undrinkable water. We researched and came up with a few different designs that used evaporation and condescension to clean the water. The down side to them was that one was too hard to build with the supplies we had and the week we were testing, there was no sun out. As a group we had to come up with an alternative plan that still demonstrated evaporation works to filter the water. Because of the time we had, our group decided to boil water on a hotplate and connect a tube to another glass to catch the clean water. There was a glass bottle filled with pond water connected to an empty glass by a tube so none of the water vapor could escape. We heated the hot plate and waited for the water to heat up and evaporate. As the water vapor rose to the top, it concatenated and dripped down into the empty glass. The new water was clean and had left all the other heavier ions in the other glass with the rest of the pond water. Once we came up with our plan, we tested three samples of water: the pond water, evaporated water, and the tap water for comparison. We tested for pH, Ammonia, Chlorine, and Nitrate levels for before and after. We also researched the appropriate levels of each of those substances able to be in drinking water. In the end, our plan didn't work exactly how we wanted it to even though evaporation and condensation cleaned some things out of the water, it was still undrinkable and it was not efficient because it didn't produce as much clean drinking water as we hoped it would.
Content:
Bonding- two or more atoms joined together due to a lack or more electrons needed to become a noble gas. There are different types of bonding and different ways it can happen. Any form of solid, liquid, or gas can and will bond with other things. When two things bond, it creates a new substance but with the same materials as what you started with.
Ionic Bonds- a bond between two ions based off of the charges. Normally ionic bonds are between a metal and a nonmetal. When the two bond the bigger one will take the electron for itself so the atoms create a whole new molecule.
Covelent Bonds- a bond between two metals that share the electrons equally. The electron is not taken from the other, it is just shared between the two. Different parts of both atoms are attracted to each other because of their charges.
Electronegativity- the measured amount of an atoms ability to attract other shared electrons. The polarity of a bond depends on the eletronegativity. This is almost like the strength of an atom on another.
Polar- a polar covelent bond is a bond where the electrons are not shared equally between the two. One atom is a lot stronger then the other pulling the shared electrons closer to its nucleus.
Non polar- a non polar covelent bond is a bond where both of the atoms share the electrons equally. The differences in electronegativities are very low.
Dipole- the space between two atoms of equal and opposite charge. There can be more then one dipole in a molecule. The spaces have a positive and negative end that can cancel each other out if there is more then one. The positive side is represented by a cross in the arrow and the pointing side is going towards the negative part of the dipole.
Solvent- a substance that dissolves another in itself. An example of a solvent is water.
Solute- a substance that dissolves into another solution. An example of a solute is salt.
Evaporation- when a liquid is heated up, the molecules move faster and faster until the top layer escapes and becomes a gas. Certain heats can make different substances evaporate or change into a gas. The most common liquid evaporated is water.
Condensation- when atoms that are gases cool enough to slow down the molecules and turn it into a liquid form. The molecules will then collect together until it is heavy enough to become a drop.
Ammonia- a toxic compound normally found in small amounts in nature. It is required to be removed from the water for it to become drinkable. A concentrated amount can cause damage to cells if it is consumed.
Chlorine- a compound that kills bacteria and viruses. Concentrated amounts can be very toxic and harm humans if consumed. Some is needed in water to kill off bacteria but too much is harmful.
Nitrate- a toxic compound if consumed in larger amounts. It is normally found in small volumes of water but some needs to be removed to be able to drink the water. In the human body, nitrate takes away the ability to use and transport oxygen throughout the body.
pH- the probability of hydrogen in a substance. This is the acidity of the substance. The scale ranges from 1-14 where lower numbers are acidic and higher numbers are basic. Both extremes are dangerous for humans.
Reflection:
As a whole, our group did really well on this project. We had ideal problem solving skills as we worked to complete this project. Not everything in our project went the way we wanted it to go but we worked around it. Our first idea was going to be too hard to build and test because it was raining. So we came together as a group and worked out a solution that would have the same idea but easier to build and test. Another thing we did well was knowing what we wanted to accomplish for the day. We would talk about what we needed to get done at the beginning of the period to be more efficient. The project went well but it could have been a little better if we planned our time more. We were told about this project a few weeks before it was due so we had a lot of time to make it. At the beginning we had one plan but it didn't end up working so we had to change it a little but we wasted some time trying to come up with a better project. If we would have planned our time out more, our project would have been better. Because we had little time at the end our project didn't end the way we wanted it to. Lastly, I think we could have communicated more about our ideas to make a better version of our project. Towards the beginning, we didn't really know what to do so we were just doing our own thing and hoping to come up with something. In the end this project went well and was fun to make.